THE UTILIZATION OF POLYDOPAMINE INTERLAYER TO ADD SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AGNPS) TO PET FABRICS

Silver nanoparticles are structures used in many areas such as antibacterial materials, increasing conductivity, and wastewater treatment, etc. In recent years, demand for their use in textile products has been increasing. Starting from this point, this study aimed to produce silver nanoparticles on the surface of PET fabric in order to meet the different properties expected from silver. For this purpose, polydopamine coating was applied on PET fabric by in situ polymerization. Then, fabric structures containing polydopamine and silver nanoparticles were obtained with a reduction reaction of three different molarity silver nitrate salts. The after washing condition of the fabric with the highest produced amount of silver nanoparticles was examined. Spectrophotometric color measurement, FT-IR, SEM and EDX techniques were performed. The best results were obtained on the fabric where silver nitrate was applied at 50 mM. The amount of silver nanoparticles in this fabric was measured as 1.35% after washing.

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In-Situ Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Applications

This study presents a sustainable approach to enhance cotton fabrics with multifunctional properties by in-situ functionalization using polydopamine (PDA) coating followed by the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a self-reduction process. Polydopamine was chosen for its excellent adhesive and reductive properties, facilitating the uniform attachment of silver nanoparticles on the fabric surface. The functionalized fabrics were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, TGA, contact angle measurements, and XRD, confirming the successful integration of PDA and AgNPs. The modified cotton fabrics demonstrated 100% antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and achieved a water contact angle of approximately 131°, indicating enhanced hydrophobicity. Thermal stability was also improved, with a 15% increase in ash content at 600°C. This dual-functional coating approach provides an effective means to develop antibacterial, water-resistant, and thermally more stable textile materials, offering potential applications in protective clothing, and other functional fabric domains.

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Polydopamine nanocoating to use surface functionalization of polypropylene fabrics with a closed structure

In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore polydopamine (PDA) nano coating to use surface functionalization of polypropylene (PP) fabrics with a closed structure. Nano coatings were made on polypropylene nonwoven fabric with the oxygen-induced polymerization method of dopamine (DA) in six different times. Uncoated control samples, coated samples and washed samples after coating were compared. A change in the solution towards dark brown-black color was observed during the experimental as the reaction time increased. Based on this finding, spectrophotometric measurements of samples were made. The lowest lightness and highest color strength values were observed in fabric coated for 32 hours. In before and after washing SEM images, the formed nano coating could be easily seen on this fabric (32 h). The nitrogen ratio indicating the presence of polydopamine was detected as 17.05%. After washing, it was observed that this high percentage decreased up to 1.35% but the nitrogen element was distributed homogeneously on the fabric surfaces from EDX mapping. FTIR analysis results confirmed that the PDA coating formed a bond with the polypropylene fabric and that these bonds continued after washing. Differently from uncoated fabric, extra bands and signals were observed in two different regions on the FTIR graph due to polydopamine. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the surface activation of PP fabrics, which have a more closed structure for functionalization.

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The Evaluation of Uster Hairiness Results with an Image Analysis Approach

In this study, the images of the yarns were taken using a stereomicroscope. MATLAB software was used in image processing studies. The recommended image acquisition and processing steps in previous studies were followed, and the obtained results from textural parameters of images were compared with the results of Uster H and sh. The highest correlation in Uster H hairiness was obtained in the entropy textural parameter of the Sobel technique. The highest correlation in Uster sh hairiness was obtained in the mean of matrix elements (mean2) from the textural parameters in the Sobel technique. In general, higher correlation results were found in Uster sh than in Uster H. It has been observed that the Uster H results have deficiencies in determining the hairiness of dyed yarns. The different from the literature, this study presents that among the hairiness parameters, Uster sh shows the values closest to the real.

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Seçilmiş İpliklerde Zweigle İplik Tüylülüğü Sonuçlarına Farklı Test Hızlarının Etkisi

ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, Zweigle G657 cihazında iplik tüylülüğü sonuçlarına farklı test hızlarının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ölçümler, cihazda seçenek olarak sunulan 25 m/dk, 50 m/dk, 100 m/dk ve 400 m/dk olmak üzere dört farklı test hızında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test hızının etkisi SPSS programı kullanılarak istatistiki olarak incelenmiştir. İplik tüylülüğü sonuçları üzerinde, test hızındaki değişimin direkt olarak etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Tüylerin sınıflandırılmasında 10 mm’ye kadar, test hızları arasındaki farkın önemli seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Aralarındaki bu farklılıklar 10 mm’den sonra önemsiz düzeye gelmiştir. Test hızı arttıkça ipliğin S3 tüylülük değerlerinde genel olarak bir artış eğilimi gözlenmiştir. Ancak bu çalışmada literatürden farklı olarak, çalışma için seçilen farklı yapıdaki ipliklerde farklı sonuçlarda elde edilmiştir. Farklı hızlarda elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırma amaçlı kullanılmasının doğru olmayacağı net olarak görülmektedir. Yeni versiyon cihazlarda daha yüksek test hızlarına çıkma eğilimi bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, S3 tüylülüğü bilgisi verilirken, hangi cihazda ve hangi test hızında ölçüldüğü bilgisinin verilmesi gerektiği çıkarımı yapılmıştır.

The Effect of Different Test Speed on Zweigle Yarn Hairiness Results in Selected Yarns

ABSTRACT: In this study, the effect of different test speeds on yarn hairiness results in the Zweigle G657 device was investigated. Measurements were carried out at four different test speeds of 25 m/min, 50 m/min, 100 m/min and 400 m/min, which are available as options on the device. The effect of test speed was analyzed statistically using the SPSS program. It has been seen that the change in test speed has a direct effect on the yarn hairiness results. It has been observed that the difference between test speeds up to hairs in 10 mm in the classification of hair numbers is significant. These differences between them became insignificant after hairs in 10 mm. It can be generally said that an increasing trend was observed in the yarn S3 hairiness values as the test speed increased. However, different results were obtained in the yarns of different structures selected for the study different from the literature. It is clearly seen that it would not be appropriate to use the obtained results from different speeds for various comparisons. There is a tendency for higher test speeds on newer version devices. For this reason, it has been deduced that it is necessary to give the information on which device and at which test speed it was measured while giving the S3 hairiness information.

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The Comparison Of The Yarn Hairiness Test Devices Using The Hairiness Length Classification System

Yarn hairiness is an important element of total quality control. Zweigle system and its different versions are widely used commercially in the industry for the determination of yarn hairiness and these devices are only on hairiness. The measurement sensor on them classifies the hairs according to their length. In this research, Zweigle G567 and Uster Zweigle HL400 using the hairiness length classification system were compared. The most important difference between the two devices is that the recommended measuring speed for Uster Zweigle HL400 is eight times higher than Zweigle G567. In the study, thirteen yarns in different structures were used. The hairiness results in each mm were evaluated statistically in the SPSS program. It was observed that there were significant differences between the measurement results of two devices. In the literature, it is stated that there is an increase in the number of hairs with the increase in test speed of the Zweigle series hairiness devices. However, it was found in this study that there was a decrease in the number of hairs in most of the yarns measured in HL400 that use higher test speed. The more surprising result was that the strong correlation was determined between G567 and HL400 although the hair number obtained from devices show significant differences. This shows that the devices gave correlated results according to its operating principle, but the results of two devices operating at different speeds should not be compared with each other on the same test parameters.

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Örme Kumaş Gözenekliliği ile Hava Geçirgenliği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

ÖZET: Bu çalışmada farklı yapı ve özellikte on iki adet 1x1 rib örme kumaş kullanılmıştır. Örme kumaşların hava geçirgenlikleri ölçülmüş ve mikroskop altında görüntüleri alınmıştır. Görsellerin MATLAB paket programında görüntü işleme teknikleriyle görüntü doku parametreleri analiz edilmiştir. Kumaş gözenekliliği ile ilgili sekiz farklı görüntü doku parametresi ve hava geçirgenliği arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ile istatistiki olarak incelenmiştir. Aynı hammaddeden üretilmiş kumaşlarda kumaş gözenekliliği parametreleri ile hava geçirgenliği arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ancak farklı hammaddeler kullanıldığında bu güçlü ilişkinin azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Örme kumaşların hava geçirgenliği üzerinde iplik ve kumaş gözenekliliğine ek olarak lif özellikleri ve karışım oranının da etkileri tespit edilmiştir.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Porosity of Knitted Fabrics and Air Permeability

ABSTRACT: In this study, twelve 1x1 rib knitted fabrics containing different structure and features were used. Air permeability of knitted fabrics was measured and their images were taken under a microscope. Textural properties of images were analyzed with image processing techniques in MATLAB package program. The relationship between air permeability and eight different textural parameters of images related to fabric porosity were analyzed statistically with correlation analysis. A strong relationship was found between fabric porosity parameters and air permeability in fabrics produced from the same raw material. However, it was observed that this strong relationship decreased when different raw materials were preferred. The effects of fiber properties and blending ratio were determined on the air permeability of knitted fabrics in addition to yarn and fabric porosity.

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Investigation of the oxidative self polymerization of dopamine under alkaline conditions on wool fabrics

Most studies about polydopamine in the textile field have been related to cotton fibers. There are not many studies about the use of polydopamine on wool fibers. A limited number of studies have focused on the coloring of wool, whereas wool is the fiber with the highest variety of intermolecular attraction forces among all natural and man-made fibers. 

Polydopamine contains high amounts of catechol and amine functional groups due to its structure. In this study, different from the literature, oxidative self polymerization of dopamine was achieved on wool fabric for different periods of time, and the coated fabrics were examined with characterization tests and spectrophotometrically. 

In this study, lower values were obtained than lightness (L*) values reported for other fibers in previous studies, and it was concluded that the wool-PDA interaction is superior to other fibers. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results showed that the polymerization and nano-coating formed successfully and continued to remain on the surface after washing. 

The lowest lightness value was obtained in the 32 h coating. However, the lowest color change after washing was in the 16 h coating (0.44%). This result showed that the coating was completed within 16–32 hours and there was only accumulation on the surface in the later times.

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Akademik Dergiler Işığında Türk Üniversiteleri ve Akademisinin Dünyadaki Konumu

Ülkemizde bilime verilen değer her geçen gün artmaktadır ve üniversitelerimizin paydaşların beklentilerini karşılama noktasında eksiklikleri olduğu son dönemde sıklıkla belirtilmektedir.  Üniversitelerin bilgi üretme düzeyleri ve akademik performansları dünya çapında çok farklı kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından yapılan akademik değerlendirmelerde, ilk 500’e ve ilk 1.000’deki üniversitelerimizin sayısının giderek azaldığı görülmektedir. Bu değerlendirmelerin ortak noktası, Web of Science  atıf dizinindeki makale sayısı ve atıf sayısı verilerini esas almalarıdır.  

Üniversitelerimizin ve Türk akademik hayatının dünyadaki konumunun iyileştirilmesine yönelik yapılan çalışma ve tartışmalarda, Türkiye adresli olarak yapılan yayınlar, atıflar ve projeler gibi birçok parametre araştırılmaktadır. Ancak Türk akademik hayatının dünyadaki konumunun incelenmesinde akademik dergilerimizin durumu ve konumu, göz ardı edilen bir konudur. Türk üniversitelerinin ve akademisyenlerinin durumunu, Türk akademik dergilerinin durumundan ayrı düşünmek mümkün değildir. Türk akademik dergi yayıncılığın durumu Türk üniversitelerinin dünyadaki konumunun gerilemesindeki önemli nedenlerden birisidir. 

Web of Science atıf dizininde yer alan Türkiye adresli  dergilerin sayısı ve nitelikleri, ülkemizin potansiyeli düşünüldüğünde hayli yetersiz düzeydedir. Türk akademik dergilerinde birçok problem göze çarpmaktadır. Bu kitapta akademik dergilerimizin  dünyadaki konumunun önemi incelenmiş, durum tespiti yapılarak nedenleri tartışılmış ve iyileştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

ISBN: 978-625-7667-04-3

Baskı Tarihi: Ocak 2021

EKİN Basım Yayın Dağıtım

Şehreküstü Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad.

Durak Sk. No: 2 Osmangazi / BURSA

Tel .: (0.224) 220 16 72 - 223 04 37

Fax.: (0.224) 223 41 12

e-mail: info@ekinyayinevi.com

www.ekinyayinevi.com

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Fabrication of Cu2O plated carbon fabrics via electrochemical deposition method

Functional fabrics have many advanced applications to meet the expectations of the end-user industry. There is a variety of approaches to impart functional properties to the fabrics including coatings, the addition of functional fillers, surface modifications, etc. 

Metallization techniques are also a good candidate to impart functionalities to textile fabrics. On the other hand, Cu2O is a diamagnetic solid that has a variety of applications from flexible electronics to gas sensing. 

In this study, one of the simplest plating techniques, the electroplating method, was applied to carbon fabric to provide Cu2O coating on the surface which can add the advantages of metal oxides on carbon fabric. 

The Cu2O particles were observed on the surface of carbon fabric using SEM and the elemental composition of the surface was investigated using the EDS method. The crystal structure of the coating was identified using the X-ray diffraction technique and Raman spectroscopy. 

To confirm the achieved structure, FTIR analysis was performed as well. The newly fabricated structure can be a promising candidate for supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding materials, dielectric surfaces, etc.

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Opportunities Offered by Image Processing Technology in Textile and Apparel

Humans have always used their senses to assess the quality of products at the personal level or in the industry. For example, when buying fruit, people examine the fruit for the parameters they consider are important for assessing its quality such as colour, uniformity of colour, surface roughness, size, shape, surface defect. However, they are not able to assess internal damages or constituents of the fruit because their vision is limited to visible spectrum which is part of a vast electromagnetic spectra. Also, in industrial situations, assessment of objects can be affected by tiredness and fatigue of inspectors as well as different inspectors may assess the required quality parameters differently. Machine vision that involves collecting information from objects in visible or other spectra and analyzing the obtained information using image processing steps can assess the quality consistently over a long period as well as assess the internal and external quality parameters. With advances in high quality sensors (cameras) for different spectra, computing power of computers, and ease of developing software for a specific application, it has been possible to apply machine vision to many fields covered in this book.

Chapter 7- Opportunities Offered by Image Processing Technology in Textile and Apparel

Abdurrahman Telli

Department of Textile Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

ABSTRACT: Resolution, speed, and quality of image acquisition systems have made great advances in recent years. In addition to this, the development of the software industry offers significant opportunities in many areas. The textile and apparel sector is one of these areas. Image processing studies provide new techniques in textile characterization. In textile quality control, it can replace the subjective evaluations that can lead to wrong evaluation results due to people’s inexperience, fatigue, and differences in perspectives. Image processing offers objective evaluation opportunities. In fabric defect detection, it helps to find defects either online or offline that the human eye cannot perceive. It prevents material and time wastage and increases quality. With the processing of the images taken from body scanning devices, more accurate information is obtained for clothing patterns. Digital libraries have been created by processing fiber, yarn, and fabric images. Design programs that include all stages from the yarn to the image of the garment on the model have been started to be used. Image processing offers opportunities to eliminate the damages caused by the fast fashion trend. In this chapter, current and potential usage possibilities of image processing technology in textile and apparel fields are discussed.

ISBN: 979-8-88697-975-6

Publication Date: September 15, 2023

Original Language: English

Document type: Book/ Restricted Access

Publisher: Nova Science

Link: https://novapublishers.com/shop/image-processing-advances-in-applications-and-research/

 

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The use of mussel‑inspired polydopamine interlayer for high‑efficiency surface functionalization of PET fabrics

The surface modifications of polymer materials are carried out to improve surface properties, add new functionalities and thus enlarge their application areas. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used textile fabric to achieve functional properties via surface modification techniques. However, its inert and non-reactive nature necessitates an activation process before the surface modification to create functional surfaces. Plasma treatment and chemical methods are commonly used for this aim. However, these techniques can easily damage the surface of the PET fabric and result in decreased mechanical properties. In this study, we proposed a new method to activate the surface of PET using polydopamine (PDA) interlayer, known as substrate-independent coating material, to form a better and more homogenous polyaniline (PAni) coating via an in-situ polymerization technique. The surface appearance of the samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and the distribution of elements was analyzed using an energy-dispersive (EDS) detector. Thermal properties of the samples were explored using thermogravimetric analyses and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to compare the chemical structures of the coated and uncoated samples. It was found that the PDA interlayer between PAni and PET significantly reduced the sheet resistance by providing more homogenous and chemically stable PAni coatings. Moreover, the effect of the PDA and PAni coating on the optical properties was investigated, and it was found that the PDA + PAni coated fabric exhibited a maximum of 10% reflectance in the range of 400 and 700 nm while uncoated fabric showed over 90%.

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The Comparison of the Edge Detection Methods in the Determination of Yarn Hairiness through Image Processing

The resolution, quality and speed of the cameras have improved enormously in recent years. The combination of camera advancements and the software industry offers significant opportunities. 

In this study, an image processing approach for the determination of yarn hairiness was presented. Yarn images taken under a microscope were examined in MATLAB software. 

Seven different edge detection algorithms were used in order to separate the hairs from the yarn body. Seven different textural properties of obtained yarn images were compared with Zweigle hairiness test results. The findings have indicated that yarn hairiness can be clearly detected from microscope images with a six-step algorithm. 

The first four phases are grayscale, double format, 2D median filtering and histogram-fitting, respectively. The fifth stage is the edge detection algorithm and the sixth stage is the use of textural parameters. When compared with the Zweigle hairiness results, the most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the best appropriate technique for edge detection was the Sobel method, and the textural parameter to be used in the evaluation was the standard deviation of matrix elements.

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The Usage of Image Processing Techniques on the Determination of Pilling Grades

This compilation presents a detailed review of current research, developments, and progress on nanotechnology usage for the elimination of dyes from effluents released by textile industries. The benefits of using nanomaterials for functionalized textile production are presented, and the applications of nanomaterials in the most known functional technical textiles are discussed. The authors present the results of empirical studies carried out in the Portuguese industrial context, including the textile sector, where the relationship between negative effects associated with shift work and the adoption of certain management practices by organizations is analyzed. Additionally, the authors discuss how, to achieve the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological tools must be incorporated into both the production and consumption of textiles. The closing study indicates that it is possible to make objective pilling detection easily for standard fabric structures in the textile industry using databases created by measuring lots of samples.

Chapter 5. The Usage of Image Processing Techniques on the Determination of Pilling Grades (Abdurrahman Telli, Department of Textile Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey)

ABSTRACT: Pilling is a serious defect of fabric surface that gives an unpleasant appearance to garment. Pilling tendency is tested with different methods and devices in the laboratory conditions. The determination of the pilling grades is made with visual control by operators. Therefore, the human factor is significantly effective in this subjective evaluation method and may cause incorrect results. Studies in recent years show that objective methods based on image processing are preparing to replace subjective pilling assessments. In this chapter, difficulties in the subjective evaluation of the pilling grades were explained. Potential opportunities presented by image processing studies in the literature on the objective evaluation of the pilling grades were investigated. Image processing steps were given with various examples by using Image Processing Toolbox and codes in MATLAB software. In this study, it was indicated that it is possible to make an objective pilling detection easily for the fabric structures used as standard in the textile industry thanks to the databases to be created with measuring lots of samples.

ISBN: 978-1-53618-770-0

Publication Date: October 30, 2020

Original Language: English

Document type: Book/ Restricted Access

Publisher: Nova Science

Link: https://novapublishers.com/shop/challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-textile-industry/

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The Use of Nanomaterials in Functional Textiles

This compilation presents a detailed review of current research, developments, and progress on nanotechnology usage for the elimination of dyes from effluents released by textile industries. The benefits of using nanomaterials for functionalized textile production are presented, and the applications of nanomaterials in the most known functional technical textiles are discussed. The authors present the results of empirical studies carried out in the Portuguese industrial context, including the textile sector, where the relationship between negative effects associated with shift work and the adoption of certain management practices by organizations is analyzed. Additionally, the authors discuss how, to achieve the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological tools must be incorporated into both the production and consumption of textiles. The closing study indicates that it is possible to make objective pilling detection easily for standard fabric structures in the textile industry using databases created by measuring lots of samples.

Chapter 2. The Use of Nanomaterials in Functional Textiles (Mahmut Tas and Abdurrahman Telli, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, and Department of Textile Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey)

ABSTRACT: Nanosized materials are becoming more and more popular in almost every field of the industry. Technical textiles are one of the major applications of nanomaterials and there are many commercialized nanoparticles functionalized textiles on the market such as electromagnetic interference shielding materials, flame retardant textiles, UV-protective fabrics, etc. The compatibility of conventional textile processes for nanoparticle applications and reduced nanomaterial production costs are made much faster to produce commercialized nanoparticle functionalized textiles. 

Nanoclays, carbon-based nanomaterials, and metal-based nanopowders are the most commonly used nanomaterials in functional textiles. It is possible to produce nanomaterial functionalized textile by adding nanoparticles into polymer melt or solution for synthetic fibres, or surface treatment of fiber or textile materials. 

In this chapter of the book, the benefits of using nanomaterials for functionalized textile production will be presented. Applications of nanomaterials in the most known functional technical textiles, (flame retardant, antimicrobial, electromagnetic interference shielding, UV-protective, superhydrophobic, and wrinkle resistive) will be discussed.

ISBN: 978-1-53618-770-0

Publication Date: October 30, 2020

Original Language: English

Document type: Book/ Restricted Access

Publisher: Nova Science

Link: https://novapublishers.com/shop/challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-textile-industry/

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The Relationship Between Subjective Pilling Evaluation Results and Detecting Pills and Textural Features in Knitted Fabrics

The digital image processing studies are used in order to eliminate problems of subjective pilling evaluation. However, these applications did not come to the desired point. The purpose of this research is to put forward with explanations about the reasons for the failures of previous studies in objective pilling evaluation. In this study, three issues were dwelled on. Firstly, data belong to original fabrics (0 turns) were taken into consideration. Secondly, data were standardized using min-max normalization with a feature scaling approach to compare different fabrics. For this process, data after pilling and results belong to original fabrics (0 turns) were taken together. Thirdly, knitted fabrics were separated into different categories according to formed pill types and characteristics after pilling processing. The results were evaluated in the most appropriate category according to the pill’s structure. Two sample fabrics containing appropriate structure and characteristics which were able to explain the three overlooked issues were used. In digital image processing made by paying attention to these mentioned three points, both pill parameters and textural features obtained from digital images were determined. The relationships between these parameters and subjective evaluation results were examined.

Source: Fibers and Polymers

Publisher: The Korean Fiber Society (KFS)

Original Language: English

Document type: Article / Restricted Access

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12221-020-9552-1

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Usage of Co-mingling Process in Production of Metal Hybrid Yarn

In this study, polyamide 6.6 yarns with copper, silver and stainless steel metal monofilaments were combined in intermingling machine by commingling method. 

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fast and cost-effective alternative method for production of hybrid yarns containing metal filaments. Microscope images of the produced hybrid yarns were taken. Linear density, breaking force, breaking elongation and hairiness were measured in these yarns. It has been observed that the use of metal filament has a negative effect on yarn quality values. 

The best yarn properties were obtained from hybrid yarn containing stainless steel. Filament breakage were determined in the production of hybrid yarns containing silver and especially copper metals. It was determined that this filament breakages can be an important problem for subsequent processing steps such as weaving or knitting. In the future studies, the hybrid yarn properties can be optimized by changes on process parameters of intermingling machine and metal filament properties.

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Soilless Cotton & Non-Petroleum Polyester- Potential Opportunities for Sustainability in Textiles

Today, most of people who start off for an environmentally friendly application do more damage to sustainability compared with conventional methods. 

Therefore, this book primarily aims to understand real sustainable production. 

Secondly, it is emphasized in this book that wastes of textiles and garments constitute a major environmental load. 

At this point, it is pointed out that recycling is the best solution for humanity. 

It is highlighted that recycling presents us the opportunity to obtain “soilless cotton” and “non-petroleum polyester”. 

This book examines these two recycled fibers that have important potentials for sustainability by using arguments obtained from the author's knowledges, experiences, researches and latest literature. 

Finally, it is pointed out that habitat provided by people who do the right things for sustainability are begun to be abused by malicious ones. 

This book describes how to become true environmentalists, how real environmentalists can recognized and the main principles of sustainability and recycling in textiles. 

This book gives suggestions to producer, consumer, academicians and researchers in this field.

ISBN: 978-605-327-928-0
Publication Date: August 2019
Original Language: English
Document type: Book/ Restricted Access

Publisher: EKİN Basım Yayın Dağıtım

Şehreküstü Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad.

Durak Sk. No: 2 Osmangazi / BURSA

Tel .: (0.224) 220 16 72 - 223 04 37

Fax.: (0.224) 223 41 12

e-mail: info@ekinyayinevi.com

www.ekinyayinevi.com

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The effects of metal type, number of layers, and hybrid yarn placement on the absorption and reflection properties in electromagnetic shielding of woven fabrics

In this study, stainless steel, copper, and silver wires were intermingled with two polyamide 6.6 filaments through the commingling technique to produce three-component hybrid yarns. 

The produced hybrid yarns were used as weft in the structure of plain woven fabric samples. 

The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness parameters of samples were measured in the frequency range of 0.8–5.2 GHz by the free space technique. 

The effects of metal hybrid yarn placement, number of fabric layers, metal types, and wave polarization on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and absorption and reflection properties of the woven fabrics were analyzed statistically at low and high frequencies separately. 

As a result, the samples have no shielding property in the warp direction. Metal types show no statistically significant effect on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. 

However, fabrics containing stainless steel have a higher absorption power ratio than copper and silver samples. 

Double-layer samples have higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values than single-layer fabrics in both frequency ranges. 

However, the number of layers does not have a significant effect on the absorbed and reflected power in the range of 0.8–2.6 GHz. 

There was a significant difference above 2.6 GHz frequency for absorbed power ratio. 

An increase in the density of hybrid yarns in the fabric structure leads to an increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values. 

Two-metal placement has a higher absorbed power than the full and onemetal placements, respectively. 

The samples which have double layers and including metal wire were in their all wefts reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values for stainless steel (78.70 dB), copper (72.69 dB), and silver composite (57.50 dB) fabrics.

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An Image Processing Research Consistent with Standard Photographs to Determine Pilling Grade of Woven Fabrics

Objective results corresponding to each parameter were analyzed comparatively with these subjective results. 

The developed method was successful by using mean of matrix elements from textural parameters and total area from pill characteristics.

 

In this study, MATLAB 2018a software was used to evaluate pilling grade of woven fabrics objectively.

Experimental works were carried out on the EMPA W3 standard photographs and accordingly two woven fabrics.

Equations were built based on the measurements of pill characteristics and textural parameters of these photographs with the help of curve fitting method after image processing steps.

Intervals were generated for each fabric by using slope of these equations and quantitative parameters obtained from the original fabric.

Furthermore, fabrics that were provided pilling formation at different test turns were evaluated subjectively by expert operators. 

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